CWE-331

What is CWE-331 (Insufficient Entropy)?

The product uses a random value or generates a value with insufficient entropy, making it more predictable than intended.

Vulnerability Insights

Insufficient Entropy (CWE-331) represents a security risk across modern software systems. This weakness enables attackers to exploit cryptography flaws, potentially leading to unauthorized access, data exfiltration, or system compromise. Organizations should implement defense-in-depth strategies combining static analysis, runtime monitoring, and binary analysis.

Impact on Systems

• Compromise of Application Integrity: Predictable execution flow is disrupted
• Potential Data Exposure: Depending on context, sensitive configurations may leak
• Availability Risks: Unexpected states leading to temporary denial of service

Real-World Attack Scenario

An attacker probes the system interfaces to identify areas where the input or state related to Insufficient Entropy is improperly handled. Once identified, they craft a payload tailored to the specific backend architecture. By exploiting the lack of robust structural validation, the attacker is able to force the application into an unintended state, bypassing standard business logic and achieving unauthorized outcomes.

Code Examples

Vulnerable Implementation

// VULNERABLE: Unvalidated input leading to Insufficient Entropy
function processInput(data) {
    // Missing strict validation or sanitization
    executeOrStoreConfig(data);
}

Secure Alternative

// SECURE: Proper validation mitigating Insufficient Entropy
function processInput(data) {
    if (!isValid(data)) throw new Error('Invalid input');
    const safeData = sanitize(data);
    executeOrStoreConfig(safeData);
}

Detection with Precogs AI

Precogs AI identifies insufficient entropy patterns through automated binary and source code analysis, detecting CWE-331 weaknesses before they reach production. Our analysis engine examines compiled artifacts without requiring source code access, identifying CWE-331 patterns in vendor software, containers, firmware, and third-party libraries.

Remediation

Implement proper cryptography controls following secure coding guidelines. Use automated scanning tools like Precogs AI to continuously monitor for CWE-331 vulnerabilities. Apply the principle of least privilege and validate all inputs from untrusted sources.